BA in Economics, Cambridge University, UK; PhD in Economics, Yale University, US. Formerly, Professor of Political Economics, LSE; Consultant: IMF; World Bank; Inter-American Development Bank; Asian Development Bank; European Commission. 1982-84, Cassel Professor of Money and Banking, LSE; 1985-94, Professorships in Economics, Yale University; 1994-2000, Professor of International Macroeconomics, Cambridge University; 1997-2000, Founding External Member, Monetary Policy Committee, Bank of England; 2000-05, Chief Economist, European Bank for Reconstruction and Development; 2005-10, Adviser, Goldman Sachs; since 2010, current position. Member, British Academy. Author. Recipient of award, CBE, for services to economics (2000).