1975, BSc, Institute of Light Industry, Tianjin,; 1981, MSc China University of Science and Technology; since 1980s, training courses and advanced studies in Patent Examination and Procedures, European Patent Office (EPO), German Patent and Trademark Office, Germany Federal Patent Court. 1979, Patent Examiner: participating in the drafting of Implementing Regulations of the China Patent Law. 1988-89, visiting scholar, involved in research work in Max-Planck-Institute for Patent Law, Germany. With SIPO: Deputy Director General, Re-examination Board; Deputy Director General, Electricity Examination Department; Director General, Automation Department; Deputy Commissioner, SIPO; since 2005, current position. Visiting Professor, China Intellectual Property Training Centre (CIPTC), Wuhan University and Huazhong University of Science and Technology. Published several IPR related works and translations.