Studies in Economics, National University of Benin; studies in Banking, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal; studies in Economics and Politics, University of Orléans, France; 1976, Doctorate in Economics, Paris University. 1980-88, with Central Bank of the States of West Africa, including Deputy Director, based in Dakar; 1988, Deputy Director, Professional Development, West African Centre for Banking Studies, Dakar; 1992-94, with office of the President of Benin, in charge of monetary and banking policy; 1994, President, West African Development Bank. Recipient, Chevalier de l'Ordre National de Mérite, France, for work on West African development.