BS and MA, Georgetown University; PhD, Political Science, Oxford University. Formerly, Director of Research, Project on Middle East Democracy (POMED); Hewlett Fellow, Center on Democracy, Development and the Rule of Law, Stanford University. Currently, Director of Research, Brookings Doha Center; fellow, Saban Center for Middle East Policy, Brookings Institution. Research focus: democratization and the role of Islamist movements in the Arab world.