BA and Bachelor's in Civil Law, McGill University; MBA, Harvard Graduate School of Business; graduate, Directors Education Program, Rotman School of Management. Member, Quebec Bar. Formerly: career in the investment banking industry, including senior positions with Merrill Lynch and as Executive Director, Ontario Securities Commission; President and Chief Executive Officer, Investment Dealers Association of Canada. Since May 2011, Minister of Natural Resources. Former: Chair of the Advisory Committee, International Council of Securities Associations; Chair of the Consultative Committee, International Association of Securities Commissions; Member, Canadian Institute of Chartered Business Valuators; Member of the Board, Canadian Securities Institute Research Foundation; Chair, Prostate Cancer Research Foundation of Canada. Volunteer with various charities in Canada and abroad. Member of the Board of Directors, Mount Sinai Hospital.