1993-94, National Deputy Elections Coordinator for the African National Congress, in the lead up to South Africa's first democratic elections of April 1994. 1996-99, Minister for Welfare and Population Development of South Africa; 1999-2008, Minister for Public Service and Administration of South Africa. Formerly: Director, United Nations Development Programme's (UNDP) Democratic Governance Group, overseeing the organization's related strategic and policy work in 197 countries and territories around the globe; appointed by the Secretary-General of the United Nations as a board member of the United Nations Institute for Training and Research. Currently, Special Envoy on Gender, African Development Bank.