MBChB, Baghdad; MSc, London University; PhD, Guy's Hospital, London University; Royal College of Physicians, London. Medical doctor. 1975, formed an opposition group to the regime in Iraq, becoming a victim of an assassination attempt in London and was hospitalised for nearly two years. 1980, worked briefly as part-time Consultant, UNDP and UNICEF; until 1991, in private family business; from 1991, fully committed to opposition activities to the regime in Iraq. 2003, Member of the Presidency and Chairman, National Security Committee, Governing Council in Iraq. Unanimously elected by the Governing Council as the Prime Minister of the Interim Government; conducted the first free elections in Iraq. 2015, Vice-President of Iraq, responsible for national reconciliation and international affairs.