Master's in Law and Economics, Univ. of Neuchâtel, Switzerland; AMP, Harvard Business School, Cambridge, USA. Attorney-at-Law. 1967, General Secretary, Vorort, Zurich. 1980, joined Sandoz Group: 1981, Group CFO; 1990, Head, Management Resources & International Coordination; Chairman & CEO, Sandoz Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ, USA; Vice-Chairman & CEO, Sandoz Holding USA, New York; 1996, President, Executive Board, Sandoz, Switzerland. 1997-2011, Member, Executive Committee & Board of Directors, Novartis. Member of the Board: Michelin Compagnie Financière, Lucerne Festival Foundation; Institute of Neuroscience, Univ. of Zurich.