Adam Tooze is the Kathryn and Shelby Cullom Davis Professor of History at Columbia University and Director of its European Institute. An economic historian, his research examines twentieth-century and contemporary history at the intersection of economics, finance, politics and geopolitics, with particular expertise in modern Germany, global financial crises and the transformation of the international order. His books include The Wages of Destruction, The Deluge, Crashed and Shutdown, examining subjects ranging from the Nazi economy and the world wars to the 2008 financial crisis and the economic consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic.